![]() ![]() During the 1860s and 1870s, other companies laid tracks to outlying areas, while dummy railroads like the Lakeview & Collamer on the east and Rocky River on the west brought vacationing urbanites to rural retreats. In 1859 the EAST CLEVELAND RAILWAY began construction of a horse-drawn streetcar line (see TRANSPORTATION and URBAN TRANSPORTATION). New transportation technology encouraged the first suburban developments. With continued population growth, Cleveland approached its geographic limits by the 1850s. Lacking an inexpensive and reliable transportation system, it remained a dense settlement in which residents walked to work and shop. Each period produced different suburban landscapes and communities, while local geography, immediate historical context, and residents themselves account for suburban differences among suburbs of the same period or region (east, west, south).īefore 1850 Cleveland had several rivals and was surrounded by a series of independent rural townships, villages, and settlements. This suburban history has 5 overlapping periods: 1) the urban ring, 1850-1900 2) electrified streetcars and the first suburban rings, 1890-1930 3) urban decentralization and the first automobile suburbs, 1920-1950 4) automobile suburbs and suburban supremacy, 1950-80 5) freeway construction and in/out county developments, 1970s-1990s. Despite the diversity of Cuyahoga County suburbs, each community is inextricably tied to the history of the core city. Several forces encourage suburbanization (growth at the city's edge), including the influence of the rural ideal, urban flight, transportation technology, overcrowded and environmentally unpleasant urban conditions, and private and public policy at local, state, and federal levels. In contrast to cities, most suburbs have more middle-class residents, lower population densities, and higher rates of homeownership. Often dependent on city amenities, they remain administratively separate. Within commuting distance of a city, suburbs initially housed urban workers. Some Cleveland suburbs are nearly as old as the city they range from industrial ( LINNDALE) and entertainment centers ( NORTH RANDALL) to small, exclusive residential villages ( HUNTING VALLEY) and large blue-collar cities ( PARMA). The history of suburban development is long and complex.
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